考研英语语法暑期复习必备：过去完成时

2)过去完成时动词可以表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或呈现的状态，这一动作一直持续到过去这一时刻或将继续下去。例如：

By themiddle of last month, I had lived in Beijing for five years. 到上月中旬，我已在北京住了五年了。

By six o’clock they had worked for eight hours. 到六点为止，他们已工作八小时了。

When I came to Shanghai, he had been there for a long time. 我到上海时，他在那里很长时间了。

3)过去完成时动词常用于间接引语和虚拟语气，我们以后会详细讲述。

4)此外，过去完成时常用于 no sooner…than… 和 hardly(scarcely) …when… 这两个句型，前面部分用过去完成时，后面部分用一般过去时。例如：

No sooner had he stolen the purse than he was caught red-handed. = He had no sooner stolen the purse than he was caught red-handed. 他刚偷到钱包就被当场抓获。

Saddam had hardly realized what was happening when he was captured. = Hardly had Saddam realized what was happening when he was captured. 萨达姆还没有意识到在发生什么事情就被抓获了。