8. The halo effect of celebrities gives people a cloak of generalized trustworthiness which extends well-beyond their industry or expertise. The halo effect works both in positive and negative directions.

名人“光环效应”给人们一层对笼统的可信赖性的模糊认识，大大超越了名人的勤奋与学识。“光环”效在正面和负面双向产生作用。

“马太效应”(Matthew effect)属于社会学领域，与人的声誉和地位相关。例如：

In sociology, the Matthew effect is the phenomenon where “the rich get richer and the poor get poorer”. In both its original and typical usage it is meant metaphorically to refer to issues of fame or status, but it may also be used literally to refer to cumulative advantage of economic capital.

在社会学中，“马太效应”指“富人越富，穷人越穷”的现象。在其本原和通常的用法中，喻指声誉和地位的问题，但是它在字面上也可用来指经济资本的累积优势。