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语法 Grammar in use
被动语态(5 )
(1)在第34课的语法中,我们讲过如果说话人想避免用不明确的词(如someone, a person等)作主语,就常常使用被动语态:Mary was told to meet us.玛丽被告知来接我们。
The window has been mended.窗子已被修好。
(2)如果我们需要把话说得谨慎些或“保险”些,也可以用被动语态。主动语态往往表示对事实确有把握:Debbie Hart swam across the English Channel when she was a girl.黛比·哈特还是个姑娘时曾经横渡过英吉利海峡。
如果这句话用 It is said that…结构表达,则说话者的把握就小了一些。用于这种被动语态的动词除了say之外,还有believe, know, find, fear, think等:It is feared that many lives have been lost in the train crash.在这次列车事故中,恐怕有不少人丧生。
It is said that there is a great deal of oil in Africa.据说非洲有大量的石油。
It is said that Dan is the most intelligent student in his class.据说丹是他们班上最聪明的学生。
除It is said that…这种结构外,上面的句子还可以变成另一种形式的被动句,其意义不变。它的结构为There/名词主语/代词主语 被动语态 带to的不定式:There is said to be a great deal of oil in Africa.据说非洲有大量石油。
Debbie Hart is said to have swum across the English Channel when she was a girl.据说黛比·哈特还是个姑娘时曾经横渡过英吉利海峡。