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1. There has long been a superstition that porpoises will save men or protect them…
复合句,主句为 there be 句型,然后有一个 that 引导的同位语从句. 该从句为并列句,主谓宾结构.
2. biologists have pointed out that it is a mistake to credit…
复合句,主句为主谓 that 引导的宾语从句.该宾语从句亦是复合句,包括 however 引导的让步状语从句,以及主系表结构的主句,主句中动词不定式作真正的主语.
3. when…they have done it…
复合句,when 引导时间状语从句在前,为主谓宾结构. 主句为主谓宾结构,主句中 as 引导的方式状语有省略,as they did in riding the bow waves…
4. some porpoises were photographed…
简单句,被动语态的主谓结构,加上主语补足语作补充说明. working like beavers 为伴随状语. Someone photographed some porpoises
5. If…they have protected humans…, it may have been because…and because…
复合句,if 引导的条件状语从句为主谓宾结构,其中包括 as 引导的定语从句. (2.2.1)
主句为主系表结构,为并列句,and 连接两个表语从句. 表语从句均为主谓宾结构.