III. Criteria of Translation

翻译的标准

Speaking of criteria of translation, as early as in the Tang Dynasty, the learned Monk Xuan Zang designed criteria of translation with emphasis placed on accuracy and general knowledge. In the Qing Dynasty, Yan Fu established a three character standard in translation: faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance, which are similar to "Triness" by Herbert Rotheinstein. Faithfulness, expressiveness and gracefulness which are considered the golden rule in the field of translation.

说起翻译的标准，早在唐朝，学识渊博的玄奘法师就把翻译标准的重点放在语言的精准度以及知识的通俗易懂上。清朝时候，严复创立了一个翻译的“三字标准”：信，达，雅。这和赫伯特·罗森斯坦提出的"Triness"原则有异曲同工之妙。忠于原著、富有表达力和文风优雅被看做翻译界的金科玉律。

After the May 4 th Movement, Lu Xun proposed: faithfulness and smoothness as the criteria of translation.

在五四运动后，鲁迅提议：“信”和“顺”可以构成翻译的标准。

Shortly after the birth of New China, quite a lot of translators put forward various criteria, such as faithfulness, smoothness, accuracy, fluency and so on ...