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It seemed certain that she would be the first ship home, but during the race she had a lot of bad luck.
It seem certain that…
She had a lot of bad luck=she was unlucky
In August, she was struck by a very heavy storm during which her rudder was torn away.
Be struck by a very heavy rain/storm 严重的遇到了雨/雪
Be caught in the rain/snow 遇到了雨/雪
During(介词)用于关系代词which之前
Tear away=destroyed=pull down (摧毁, 推翻)
The Cutty Sark rolled from side to side and it became impossible to steer her.
It became impossible (for captain) to steer her
A temporary rudder was made on board from spare planks and it was fitted with great
difficulty.
It=the temporary rudder
Fit=equip(vt.装备)
This greatly reduced the speed of the ship, for there was a danger that if she travelled too
quickly, this rudder would be torn away as well.
There was a danger that 同位语从句
Because of this, the Cutty Sark lost her lead.
Lost her lead 失去领先地位
After crossing the Equator, the captain called in at a port to have a new rudder fitted, but by
now the Thermopylae was over five hundred miles ahead.
Call in at=(船)停靠, (人)拜访
-- He calls in at his friend’s home every week.