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The phenomenon of transferred expectations, also called a “self-fulfilling prophecy,” occurs for a combination of two reasons. The person holding the expectation treats the other person differently, giving him or her more challenging work to do. This leads to more learning. At the same time, the person receiving the suggestion accepts it as an accurate assessment of his or her ability, and that in turn increases the level of effort the person gives。
期望传递，也被称为“自我实现的预言”。这种现象的产生是由两个原因共同引起的。心怀期望的人对待其他人的方式是不同的，他会给其他人更有挑战性的工作，从而让人可以学到更多。与此同时，接受工作建议的人会将这看作对自己能力的准确评估，反过来也会付出更多努力。
The lesson here is plain: you should understand the power of being in a high-performing/ high-expectation social environment versus a low-performing/ low-expectation one. Your social setting can strongly affect what you believe is possible— and that will affect your confidence, the effort you expend, and the results you achieve。
其中的道理很直白：要懂得高表现/高期望的环境与低表现、低期望相比所能赋予的能量。你所处的社交环境会很强烈地影响你的信念—而信念会影响你的自信，你付出的努力，和你获得的成果。
2. Focus On Learning
2. 专注于成长
When you focus on learning, failure is just a part of the process and won’t shake your confidence。
当你集中注意力在学习上时，失败只是过程的一部分，不会动摇你的自信。
Tests are not a gauge of self-worth or unchangeable, innate ability. They’re a measure of how much improvement you’ve made。
测试不是对自我价值或者固有天赋的评估，而是对你的进步的估量。
Building on the research of Carol Dweck, you want to have a “growth mindset”： Measure yourself by effort, not by results。
根据卡罗尔·德伟克的研究，你需要有一个“成长的心态”：用付出去评估自己，而不是用结果。
