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三．分词
1Thestoryisinteresting.I’minterestedinit.
这个故事有兴趣，我对这个故事感兴趣。
2.Thisisamovingfilm.
这是一部动人的电影。
3.Thesecretaryworkedlateintothenight,preparingalongspeechforthepresident.
秘书工作到深夜，为主席准备一篇长篇演讲稿。
4.Givenmoretime,I’lldoitwell.
如果给我多一点时间，我会做的更好。
Whenhepassedthebackofthestreet,hesawthethiefstealingsomemoneyfromthebank.
当他后街时，看到小偷正从银行偷钱。
应注意的几个问题：
1．现在分词与过去分词的区别
DoyouknowthewomantalkingtoTom?
=DoyouknowthewomanwhoistalkingtoTom?
Thesoldierwoundedinthewarhasbecomeadoctor.
=Thesoldierwhowaswoundedinthewarhasbecomeadoctor.
ChinaisadevelopingcountryandAmericaisadevelopedcountry.
2．分词作表语
Thenewssoundsencouraging.
Theygotveryexcited.
1）现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别：
Thenewsisinteresting.
Heisinterestedinthenews.
doing作表语，主语与表语是主谓关系；done作表语，主语与表语是动宾关系。
2）表语与被动式的区别：
TheblackboardwasbrokenbyXiaoMing.（强调动作）
Theblackboardisbroken.You’dbetterhaveitrepaired.（强调状态）
3）常作表语的过去分词：
amused,injured,covered,known,dressed,lost,broken,gone,delighted,excited,pleased,satisfied,married,worried,surprised,interested,burnt,shut,crowded,wounded,drank,done
3．现在分词、动名词现在进行时的区别
Thesituationinourcountryisencouraging.(表语)
Thesituationinourcountryisencouragingthepeople.(现在进行时)
Myjobislookingafterthelittlebaby.(动名词)
能回答how-question的是现在分词，能回答what-question的动名词，即不能回答how-question也不能回答what-question的是现在进行时。
例如：Howisthesituationinourcountry?Itisencouraging.
Whatisyourjob?Myjobislookingafterthelittlebaby.
4．注意的四种结构：
havesomethingtodo有某事要做
havesomethingdone使某事被做
havesomebodydosomething使某人做某事
havesomethingdoing让某事一直做着
5．需要跟反身代词作宾语的动词：
seat,prepare,hide,dress
如：Iseatedmyselfonthechair.
Iwasseatedonthechair.
6．分词做状语与不定式的区别：
分词做状语表示时间、原因、让步、条件、方式、伴随等；而不定式表示目的和结果。
Havingfinishedthehomework,Iwenthome.（时间）
BeingaPartymember,Ishouldworkhard.（原因）
Givenmoretime,Icandomyworkbetter.（条件）
Heranoutoftheclassroom,shoutingattheboy.（伴随）
Togetmoreknowledge,wemustworkharderandharder.(目的)
Heisoldenoughtojointhearmy.（结果）
7．分词、动名词和不定式作定语的区别
arunninghorse现在分词=ahorsethatisrunning
afallenleaf过去分词=aleafthathasalreadyfallen
awalkingstick动名词=astickforwalking
somethingtodo不定式=somethingthatIshoulddo
8．不定式被动式、分词的被动式和过去分词的区别：
Ihaveaproblemtobediscussedatthemeeting.(将来)
ThebuildingbeingbuiltontheriveristheScienceMuseum.（正在进行）
Thebuildingcompletedthreeyearsagoisnowinbadconditions.（过去）
9．分词做状语需要注意的一个问题：
分词与句子主语的逻辑关系
Seeingfromthehill,thecitylooksbeautiful.(错误)
Seenfromthehill,thecitylooksbeautiful.（正确）
Seeing与thecity不是主谓关系；seen与city是动宾关系
练习
I.单项选择
1.Mostofthepeople_____tothepartywerefamousscientists.
A.invitedB.toinviteC.beinginvitedD.inviting
2.______manytimes,buthestillcouldn’tunderstandit.
A.HavingbeingtoldB.ThoughhadbeentoldC.Hewastold
D.Havingtold
3.Shereachedthetopofthehillandstopped_____onabigrockbythesideofthepath.
A.tohaverestedB.testingC.torestD.rest
4.Thenextmorningshefoundtheman______inbed,dead.
A.lyingB.lieC.layD.laying
5.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,_______itmoredifficult.
A.tomakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.tonotmake
6.TheOlympicGames,_____in776B.C.,didnotincludewomenplaysuntil1912.
A.firstplayingB.tobefirstplayedC.firstplayedD.tobefirstplaying
7.---Youwerebraveenoughtoraiseobjectionsatthemeeting.
----Well,nowIregret____________that.
A.todoB.tobedoingC.tohavedoneD.havingdone
8.ThevisitingMinisterexpressedhissatisfactionwithtalks,_______thathehadenjoyedhisstayhere.
A.havingaddedB.toaddC.addingD.added
9._______areply,hedecidedtowriteagain.
A.NotreceivingB.ReceivingnotC.NothavingreceivedD.Havingnotreceived
10.Thespeakerraisedhisvoice,buthestillcouldn’tmakehimself________.
A.hearB.tohearC.hearingD.heard
Robertissaid___abroad,butIdon’tknowwhatcountrybestudiedin.
tohavestudiedB.tostudyC.tobestudyingD.tohavebeenstudying
II.用动词的正确形式填空
1.LittleTomshouldlove________(take)tothetheatrethisevening.
2.Pauldoesn’thavetobemade_______(learn).Healwaysworkshard.
3.Thecomputercentre,______(open)lastyear,isverypopularamongthestudentsinthisschool.
4.Goon_____(do)theotherexerciseafteryouhavefinishedthisone.
5.Howabouttwoofus______(take)awalkdownthegarden.
答案：
I
1.A2.C3.C4.A5.B6.C7.D8.C9.C10.D
II
1.tobetaken;2.tolearn;3.opened;4.todo;5.taking
